准备工作

1. 安装编译器和调试器，我们实际上是通过vscode使用gdb来调试程序 sudo apt install g++ gcc gdb build-essential
2. 在vscode中安装 C/C++ 插件：]
3. 创建一个工程，其结构如下：

   .
   ├── build
   ├── CMakeLists.txt
   ├── include
   │   └── add.h
   ├── main.cpp
   └── src
       └── add.cpp
   

4. 工程中各文件内容如下：
   • CMakeLists.txt

     cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
     
     project(USEDEBUG)
     
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall")
     
     set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug) # 注意要以Debug模式编译
     
     include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
     
     add_executable(main main.cpp src/add.cpp)
     

   • add.h

     #pragma once 
     
     int add(int a, int b);
     

   • add.cpp

     #include "add.h"
     
     int add(int a, int b)
     {
         int c = a + b;
         return c;
     }
     

   • main.cpp

     #include <iostream>
     #include "add.h"
     
     int main()
     {
         int a = 20;
         int b = 12;
         std::cout << "a + b = " << add(a, b) << std::endl;
     
         return 0;
     }
     

5. 在工程根目录下执行以下命令编译运行程序，终端应输出a + b = 32：
   • cd build
   • cmake ..
   • make
   • ./main

添加配置文件（在.vscode目录下）

1. launch.json：配置gdb的参数，重要的参数已有注释说明

   {
       "version": "0.2.0",
       "configurations": [
           {
               "name": "g++ build and debug active file",
               "type": "cppdbg",
               "request": "launch",
               "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/main",     // 编译出来的可执行文件的路径
               "args": [],
               "stopAtEntry": false,
               "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
               "environment": [],
               "externalConsole": false,
               "MIMode": "gdb",
               "setupCommands": [
                   {
                       "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                       "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                       "ignoreFailures": true
                   }
               ],
               "preLaunchTask": "my_build",    // 启动gdb前要做的事，和tasks.json中的label对应
               "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
           }
       ]
   }
   

2. tasks.json：自定义启动gdb前的任务，重要的参数已有注释说明

   {
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "options": {
           "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build"   // 执行命令的位置
       },
       "tasks": [
           {
               "type": "shell",
               "label": "cmake",
               "command": "cmake",
               "args": [
                   ".."
               ]
           },  // 即cmake ..
           {
               "label": "make",
               "group": {
                   "kind": "build",
                   "isDefault": true
               },
               "command": "make",
               "args": [
               ]
           },  // 即make
           {
               "label": "my_build",
               "dependsOrder": "sequence", // 按列出的顺序执行任务
               "dependsOn":[
                   "cmake",
                   "make"
               ]
           }
       ]
   }
   

3. 这样配置的话在每一次的调试前都会先重新编译一次代码，避免了手动编译

调试

打上断点，按F5开始调试，不出意外的话能够正常调试：